¹ Unless otherwise indicated, information on key organizations and institutions dealing with ICTs in the jurisdictions mentioned in this section of the chapter is taken from the chapters on individual economies in this edition of the Digital Review of Asia Pacific.

² See, for instance, TMC News (2007) at http://asia.tmcnet.com/news/2007/11/27/3123957.htm

³ Unless otherwise indicated, information on key ICT policies, thrusts, and programs in the jurisdictions mentioned in this section of the chapter is taken from the chapters on individual economies in this edition of the Digital Review of Asia Pacific.

⁴ For instance, Bhatnagar (2004, p. 19) defines e-government as "the use of ICT to promote more efficient and cost-effective government, facilitate more convenient government services, allow greater public access to information, and make government more accountable to citizens".

⁵ Unfortunately, we are limited to expressing this hypothesis based on our observations and experiences in Asia, since we are not aware of any studies to test this.

⁶ As is evident, for instance, by examining the range of government services available via Singapore primary e-government portal, www.gov.sg, and browsing through the services available under the "Citizens & Residents", "Business", and "Non-Residents" tabs at the site.

⁷ See, for example, Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (2007b) at www.igov.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/C8F242DE-6C0D-4D40-A7A7-D94B7D2F6A09/19110/SOE_factsheet_Oct2007.pdf

⁸ e-Ink technology, which currently provides the closest approximation to paper, is still in its infancy in terms of worthwhile commercial applications.

⁹ Full descriptions of these licences, including "plain English" and legal texts of the licences, are available at http://creativecommons.org/licence/and http://creativecommons.org/about/licences/meet-the-licences

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bhatnagar, S. (2004). e-Government: From vision to implementation. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore. (2007a). iGov2010. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.igov.gov.sg/Strategic_Plans/iGov_2010/

---. (2007b). Standard ICT Operating Environment Fact Sheet. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.igov.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/C8F242DE-6C0D-4D40-A7A7-D94B7D2F6A09/19110/SOE_factsheet_Oct2007.pdf

International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2008). World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2008 from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/index.aspx

International Telecommunications Union (ITU). (2007). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2006. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/index.html

Loxley, W. (2004). Current status and trends of e-learning. Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.adb.org/Education/e-learning.pdf

TMC News. (2007). Vietnam: Foreign investment in 2007 reaches $15b. Retrieved 15 September 2008 from http://asia.tmcnet.com/news/2007/11/27/3123957.htm

Trucano, Michael. (2005). Knowledge maps: ICTs in education. Washington, DC: info Dev/World Bank. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.154.html

Websites

Afghanistan Telecommunication Services Regulation Act. (2005). Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.mcit.gov.af/Documents/PoliciesandLaws/Afghanistan%20Telecom%20Law.pdf

Computer Misuse Act (Singapore). (1993). Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-50A&doctitle=COMPUTER%20MISUSE%20ACT%0a&date=latest&method=part&sl=1

Creative Commons Homepage. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://creativecommons.org/

PCLinuxOS Magazine. Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.pclinuxos.com/

Postal Services Act (Singapore). (1999). Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-237A&doctitle=POSTAL%20SERVICES%20ACT%0a&date=latest&method=part&sl=1

Right to Information Act (India). (2005). Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://persmin.nic.in/RTI/WelcomeRTI.htm

Spam Control Act (Singapore). (2007). Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_legdisp.pl?actno=2007-ACT-21-N&doctitle=SPAM%20CONTROL%20ACT%202007%0a&date=latest&method=part&sl=1

The Government of Singapore Portal (SINGOV). Retrieved 4 November 2008 from http://www.gov.sg/